Roofing is the structure that covers and protects a building from weather elements. Depending on the materials used and insulation, it also provides support and enhances the building’s visual appeal.

The foundation of a roof is the frame, which consists of either rafters cut on-site or prefabricated trusses. On top of this is sheathing, which is usually plywood or oriented strand board.

The roof is the topmost structure of a building that protects the interior from rain, snow, sunlight, and other weather elements. It also provides insulation and enhances the appearance of a structure. A variety of roofing materials are available to suit different climates and tastes, from rustic to elegant. Choosing the right roofing material is crucial to a structure’s integrity and longevity.

The basic components of a roof are rafters and sheathing. Rafters can be cut on-site from framing lumber or prefabricated in a factory. Older houses may have tongue-and-groove sheathing boards, while newer ones use plywood or oriented strand board (OSB).

Sheathing is covered by the roof deck, which is usually made of wood or metal. It is covered by the roofing material, which is often asphalt shingles but can be tile, slate, or other natural or synthetic materials. Alternatively, some buildings may have a green roof—an area of soil and vegetation that is part of the structure’s design and functions as living insulation by moderating temperatures. Many modern roofing products are made from recycled or biodegradable materials.

Materials

The type of roofing material you choose for your home will impact its cost, energy efficiency and ability to withstand the elements. The most popular roofing materials strike a balance between affordability and performance. Clay, slate and metal are long-lasting, but they also tend to be more expensive and require specialized installation skills.

Asphalt shingles are one of the most common roofing materials because they offer good value for your money. However, it’s important to look for a shingle that is impact and fire rated for increased protection.

Slate, tile and wood roofs are often considered luxury choices. These types of roofs add to the curb appeal of your home and can increase its resale value. However, they are also expensive and may require a greater level of maintenance than other roofing materials.

A synthetic roof offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional shingles and can be made to mimic the look of more expensive roofing materials like slate or wood shakes. These roofs have been engineered to withstand high winds, heavy hail and other severe weather conditions.

If you live in an area that experiences frequent tornadoes, hurricanes or other strong storms, it’s a good idea to invest in a premium, impact-rated shingle. These shingles are thicker and have an advanced ultraviolet inhibitor that reduces the fading of shingle color.

Another durable option is a concrete tile roof. These are molded from earthen clays into rolled or interlocking shapes and fired for durability. They’re a great choice for hot climates or areas with high levels of salt in the air, and they can last up to 50 years.

Rolled roofing is the most affordable roofing material, and it’s a good choice for sloped residential roofs and outbuildings like sheds and workshops. It’s available in a variety of colors and can be nailed down or glued to the roof deck.

There are also membranes that cover flat roofs to protect the interior of your home and keep water out. These include EPDM, TPO (thermoplastic polyolefin) and PVC. A new roof installed with these products will typically come with a manufacturer’s warranty that covers labor and materials.

Maintenance

Roofing is an essential part of a building structure, protecting the interior from rain, snow, sunlight and heat. It also provides insulation and adds to the aesthetics of a building. Regular maintenance is important to prolong the life of a roof and keep it in good condition.

A thorough inspection of a roof should be done at least once a year. During this inspection, shingles should be checked for damage and missing areas. Also, any areas of the roof that are covered by moss or lichen should be removed because these can cause material decay underneath the shingles. Loose flashing should be caulked. Checks should also be made around chimneys, vent pipes, skylights and other roof penetrations. The caulking around these should be checked and replaced if needed.

The cleaning of a roof involves the removal of algae, mildew, mold, fungus and lichen growth as well as the cleaning of oxidation on metal roofs. Additionally, tree limbs should be trimmed so they do not overhang the roof surface. This helps to protect the roof from storm damage and debris accumulation.